Linux root directory structure explained Skip to main content

Linux root directory structure explained

Linux root directory structure :

1) /
    
Note: /root is a home directory of root user which is different than / .

All the files and directories are present here only.
Only root user has modification rights(write access) in root directory.

2) /bin
  
    This directory contains user binary executables.
Eg: ls,cp,mv,ping and much more.

3) /sbin
  
    This directory contains the binary executables of programs that are commonly used by system administrators.
Eg: iofconfig,fdisk,reboot and much more.

4) /etc

   This directory contains the configuration files needed for installed programs.
Eg: makepkg.conf,man_db.conf,resolv.conf,
sddm.conf and much more.

5)  /dev

   This directory contains device files and directories.
Eg: sda,tty,port,bus/usb and much more.

6) /proc

   This directory contains process information that system is carrying out.
Eg: partitions, mounts, interrupts and much more.

7)  /var

This directory contains variable files that may grow.
Eg: /var/log, /var/cache, /var/db, /var/lib

8) /tmp

This directory contains temporary cuore created by system and user.
Files are deleted if system is rebooted or turned off.

9) /usr
  
   Contains binaries,32 and 64 bit libraries and other directories of user programs.
Eg: /usr/bin contains at,awk,less.
       /usr/lib contains libraries for /usr/bin and /usr/sbin.

10) /home

Contains home directories of all users.
Eg: /home/pratik will contain personal files of user pratik.

11) /boot
 
   This directory contains the files and directories needed by bootloader to boot the system.
Eg: Kernel initrd, vmlinux, grub files.

12) /lib

    Contains the library files that are needed by /bin and /sbin.

13) /sbin

     Contains 64 bit library files that are needed by /bin and /sbin.

14) /opt

    This directory contains optional add-on applications from individual programs.

15) /mnt
  
      This directory is used by system admin for temporary mounting of file system.

16) /media

     This directory is used for temporary mounting of removable devices.

Eg: /media/cdrom

17) /srv

     This directory contains specific data releted to server services.

Eg: /srv/ftp, /srv/http, /srv/cvs

18) /sys

    Modern Linux distributions include a /sys directory as a virtual filesystem which stores and allows modification of the devices connected to the system, whereas many traditional UNIX and Unix-like operating systems use /sys as a symbolic link to the kernel source tree.

   

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